The Garmin stuff (I’ve used Oregon a lot - various models since 2011) auto-saves tracks as GPX and is very reliable about that.
The newer stuff also saves as .FIT with extra info.
When you plug these into a computer by USB they appear as a normal extra drive, with the files available natively. As /u/Shimitar says, they don’t need the cloud, or an account (unless they have changed that)
They’re also pretty robust and weather proof.
Downsides - expensive. Sometimes limited features. The cameras on the Oregons are useless, and you mention a camera is needed - so it depends what features you want, your budget, and the range.











I’m sure education is a big part of it, but also, and perhaps linked, a lot seem… terrified?
In the examples you give, that pure blast of hate can be driven by fear. That sort of person (not exclusively American) is scared of anyone who’s different to them. Thats why they like guns, to make themselves feel safer (ignoring the irony that having a gun makes someone statistically less safe), why they’re so chest-thumpingly desparate to show the world they’re strong and fearless.