Within the GNU/Linux ecosystem there are all kinds of tools to diagnose the system, or rather, to check the state of the hardware, but there are few distributions specifically designed to perform this task, or at least that I know of, because the only distribution I know that is intended to diagnose the computer, (Or at least one of the components), is memtest86+, so I would like to know what other distributions exist in addition to the one mentioned above
You can sill use Medicare to create the USB and then add your favorite antimalware rescue CD to it, like the Kaspersky/Avira ones, but if it’s an unknown malware you’d have to use other analysis tools like Sysinternals RootkirRevealer, Autoruns etc. If you want to fix Windows stuff then it’s best to get a WinPE-based live CD with these tools, like Sergei Strelec, Gandalf etc.