Traditional encryption methods have long been vulnerable to quantum computers, but two new analyses suggest a capable enough machine may be built much sooner than previously thought

Bluvstein thinks a capable enough machine won’t be ready until the end of the decade. “There’s a lot of progress that needs to be made, but it’s starting to become something that people can really imagine building,” he says.

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NIST has chosen several PQC algorithms that could become the security standard in a future filled with practical quantum computers, and the US federal government is aiming to migrate to using them by 2035. But Moody says organisations should begin their transition as soon as possible. “These papers reinforce the idea that the window for migration is finite and the time to act is now,” he says.