❯ mount | grep phaedra
/dev/sdb1 on /mnt/phaedra type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,emergency_ro,x-systemd.device-timeout=30,x-gvfs-show)
❯ dmesg | tail -100
dmesg: read kernel buffer failed: Operation not permitted
❯ journalctl -k -n 100
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: cmd 60/80:18:b8:33:76/>
res 40/00:01:00:4f:c2/>
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: status: { DRDY }
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: failed command: READ F>
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: cmd 60/20:c8:b8:14:a4/>
res 40/00:01:00:4f:c2/>
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: status: { DRDY }
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: failed command: READ F>
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: cmd 60/08:f8:48:c5:10/>
res 40/00:01:00:4f:c2/>
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: status: { DRDY }
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2: hard resetting link
Jun 19 09:53:02 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SS>
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: configured for UDMA/33
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#3 FAILED >
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#3 Sense K>
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#3 Add. Se>
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#3 CDB: Re>
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 7423>
lines 1-19
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: cmd 60/80:18:b8:33:76/00:00:ba:01:00/40 tag 3 ncq dma 65536 in
res 40/00:01:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: status: { DRDY }
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: cmd 60/20:c8:b8:14:a4/00:00:80:00:00/40 tag 25 ncq dma 16384 in
res 40/00:01:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: status: { DRDY }
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: cmd 60/08:f8:48:c5:10/00:00:01:00:00/40 tag 31 ncq dma 4096 in
res 40/00:01:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: status: { DRDY }
Jun 19 09:52:59 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2: hard resetting link
Jun 19 09:53:02 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2.00: configured for UDMA/33
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#3 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=4s
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#3 Sense Key : Aborted Command [current]
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#3 Add. Sense: No additional sense information
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#3 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 01 ba 76 33 b8 00 00 00 80 00 00
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 7423275960 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 16 prio class 2
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#25 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=3s
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#25 Sense Key : Aborted Command [current]
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#25 Add. Sense: No additional sense information
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#25 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 80 a4 14 b8 00 00 00 20 00 00
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 2158236856 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x880700 phys_seg 4 prio class 2
Jun 19 09:53:03 ghost-desktop kernel: ata2: EH complete
Jun 19 10:47:51 ghost-desktop kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sdb1): ext4_validate_block_bitmap:423: comm pool-475: bg 8231: bad block bitmap checksum
Jun 19 10:49:03 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#29 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_TIME_OUT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=33s
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#29 CDB: Write(16) 8a 00 00 00 00 00 6d f6 48 00 00 00 20 00 00 00
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 1844856832 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 64 prio class 2
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device sdb1): ext4_end_bio:369: I/O error 10 writing to inode 67371715 starting block 230607104)
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: EXT4-fs (sdb1): failed to convert unwritten extents to written extents -- potential data loss! (inode 67371715, error -5)
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: buffer_io_error: 7158 callbacks suppressed
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 230606848
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 230606849
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 230606850
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 230606851
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 230606852
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 230606853
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 230606854
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 230606855
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 230606856
Jun 19 10:49:04 ghost-desktop kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 230606857
Jun 19 10:49:51 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#4 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_TIME_OUT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=42s
Jun 19 10:49:51 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#4 CDB: Write(16) 8a 00 00 00 00 00 6e 0a a8 00 00 00 20 00 00 00
Jun 19 10:49:51 ghost-desktop kernel: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 1846192128 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 64 prio class 2
Jun 19 10:49:51 ghost-desktop kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device sdb1): ext4_end_bio:369: I/O error 10 writing to inode 67371714 starting block 230774016)
Jun 19 10:49:51 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#5 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_TIME_OUT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=42s
Jun 19 10:49:51 ghost-desktop kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#5 CDB: Write(16) 8a 00 00 00 00 00 6e 98 48 00 00 00 20 00 00 00
Jun 19 10:49:51 ghost-desktop kernel: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 1855473664 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x4000 phys_seg 64 prio class 2
❯ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
[sudo] password for ghost_user:
smartctl 7.5 2025-04-30 r5714 [x86_64-linux-7.0.12-100.fc43.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-25, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Toshiba X300
Device Model: TOSHIBA HDWE140
Serial Number: 41IUK67JFBRG
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 abc58066c
Firmware Version: FP1R
User Capacity: 4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database 7.5/5852
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Jun 19 11:08:11 2026 -03
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 481) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 100 100 001 Pre-fail Always - 524
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 18344
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 120
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 036 036 000 Old_age Always - 25792
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0033 253 100 030 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 18340
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 13
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 071 071 000 Old_age Always - 14999
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 18774
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 40 (Min/Max 11/61)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 15
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
220 Disk_Shift 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
222 Loaded_Hours 0x0032 037 037 000 Old_age Always - 25500
223 Load_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
224 Load_Friction 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
226 Load-in_Time 0x0026 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 545
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0001 100 100 001 Pre-fail Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
The above only provides legacy SMART information - try 'smartctl -x' for more
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)
while my other drives are:
sda: current 6.0 Gb/s sdc: current 6.0 Gb/s
Also, the kernel reported a hard link reset before the drive ended up at 1.5 Gb/s.
Could a bad SATA cable, SATA port, or power connection explain the link resets, fallback to 1.5 Gb/s, and subsequent filesystem errors, even though SMART doesn’t show CRC errors? Or do you think it’s dying anyway?